All it does is load the ability to understand XFS filesystems, if available. It's safe.
So I used the lsmod command, then the modprobe xfs command and then the lsmod command again, the difference was the following was added:
I then tried cat /proc/filesystems command again and received:
I assume that means that the server does in fact support XFS? Is it normal that the size is so large? Its twice the size of the next largest mod.
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So what you're saying is, I would make a mirror of the entire system hard drive, and then weekly, could do backups, more similar to the online style, where I just upload file changes?
Yeah.
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Finally, if I really wanted to, could I do both?
Absolutely. A hardware mirror can swallow a single-disk failure and keep going, plus weekly backups to your external drive can save you from more drastic things.
OK. So I will potentially setup a mirror on the external hard drive using the first option you provided. Next week, when I want to start weekly backups, what do I do, as in how will those backups be done? Do I redo the entire process weekly? Can I set it up to only update the changes?(Is this where a cron job comes in?) Or, do I mirror the drive and then download weekly tarballs (is it even feasible or wise to have both systems on the same drive)?
Yep, you have XFS support. Doesn't matter if you're cloning the disk anyway.
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Is it normal that the size is so large? Its twice the size of the next largest mod.
It's a pretty complicated filesystem.
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Next week, when I want to start weekly backups, what do I do, as in how will those backups be done?
You've got a lot of options there. You could clone the /home filesystem again(might be doable without powering the system down, if you remount it read-only and sync, since that won't deny you access to the rest of the system), or freshen the files with rsync, or make a more complicated backup scheme where you make tarballs only of files that've been changed since last time, or more... I won't be able to lead you lock-step every step of the way because what you do depends very much on what you want and what you have and how your system is set up. You're going to need to learn more about your system.
Okay, so I have a few fairly specific questions you may be able to help me with:
Based upon the tutorial you provided for the two options:
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Instead I'd suggest booting a gentoo minimal liveCD. The amd64 disk is probably better if your system can boot 64-bit at all (whether your server's OS is 64-bit isn't relevant for an offline backup, just your CPU). You can make your server reboot cleanly by running /sbin/reboot , it may take several minutes as it will try to shut down things in an orderly fashion. When it reboots, make it boot the Gentoo CD, it should boot you to a raw Linux root prompt. From there you can do this:
fdisk -l to see what your main hard drive is. It'll almost certainly be /dev/sda but it's good to be sure! (Ignore sda1, sda2, etc -- those are partitions. We want the whole disk.)
chmod 400 /dev/sda* Prevent yourself from writing to your company drive and any partitions on it. Just insurance. The setting doesn't exist outside of the livecd's tiny mind, so it'll forget this next reboot.
Plug in your Buffalo disk with USB, wait 15 seconds, then fdisk -l again. It will probably show up as /dev/sdb. Press enter to get a prompt back if kernel debug messages print garbage over it.
dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb bs=16777216 && /sbin/poweroff or, "copy the raw contents of /dev/sda into /dev/sdb, then turn off the server". It will be stonily silent while doing this, but your hard drive activity light will suddenly be mostly solid-on. (The bs=16777216 is just for efficiency -- copy 16 megs at a time instead of 512 bytes at a time.)
Once it finishes, it will turn off(literally, power itself completely off) to let you know the backup is complete and it's now safe to remove the USB drive, CD, and let the server boot back up normally. If an error happens, it won't turn off, just go back to a prompt and wait.
This will take roughly four to eight hours, I think. In the end you'll have a raw, bare-metal backup; Windows won't be able to use it, but Linux can, and if your server's hard drive dies, you could crack the drive out of your Buffalo's case and expect it to boot normally inside your server. (Assuming, of course, it has the proper connectors.)
There might even be ways to keep the /home partition on it fresh once you make it since your Linux server will still be able to talk to this disk.
B) Online backup. It won't back up the whole server, just your company's datafiles. You may be able to do this with minimal interruption to the server's clients, but, files in use may not be backed up properly.
Plug the USB drive into the server, wait 15 seconds, fdisk -l . See if it lists the partitions on your USB disk. There may be several but the largest one should be the data one.
Try to mount the disk. mkdir /mnt/backup then mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/backup . May not be sdb1 of course!
tar -vcpf /mnt/backup/filename-date.tar /home/ Will create one giant tarball under filename-date.tar. Filenames will pour across the screen as it adds them.
Once it's done, umount /mnt/backup then sync . Once the sync command finishes you know it will be safe to power down and unplug your USB drive.
(Neither the OS nor the CPU are 64 bit, I checked, or at least I think I did.)
When I do power down the server and use the LiveCD, you said to "make it boot the Gentoo CD"; how do I make it do that?
For Option B:
If I make the tar file and in the future want to back it up again on a weekly basis; how would I change this code to make it apply?
From what I understand, the -mtime -1 portion of the code determines the duration to search for new files; in my case would I make it -mtime -7 ?
Is this correct?
My plan, assuming I can get the appropriate minimal liveCD file, is to do the 'bare metal' backup tomorrow and do weekly backups from there. If I don't think I can get that to work (i.e. I don't feel comfortable with it) I'll go the tarball route for now.
If I go the tarball route for now on the external drive and then next week decide to try the bare metal on the same drive, what happens to the tarball? What if the situation is reversed?
No, you don't have an alpha. You have an x86 or an amd64.
Try cat /proc/cpuinfo to see what CPU you really have.
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When I do power down the server and use the LiveCD, you said to "make it boot the Gentoo CD"; how do I make it do that?
1) Turn it on
2) Check the CMOS settings to make sure the CDROM boots first (BIOS dependent)
3) Put in the disk
4) Wait
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For Option B:
Forget option B. You can't do that and a bare-metal backup. You really ought to have a proper backup of the entire system if you're intending to put in a RAID at some point.
How you freshen the bare-metal backup would be completely different from option B. There's a couple ways to do it and none of them involve tar. How you do it depends on a) what you want to do b) what things you need to shut down to do so c) what devices the USB drive shows up as. We still know next to nothing about what your system is doing so I can't advise you on any of those.
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If I go the tarball route for now on the external drive and then next week decide to try the bare metal on the same drive, what happens to the tarball?
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Originally Posted by Corona688
It dumps the contents of sda into sdb with complete ignorance of the meaning of data in sda and complete disregard for any current contents of sdb.
Last edited by Corona688; 03-29-2011 at 07:12 PM..
No, you don't have an alpha. You have an x86 or an amd64.
Try cat /proc/cpuinfo to see what CPU you really have.
This is what I got:
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1) Turn it on
2) Check the CMOS settings to make sure the CDROM boots first (BIOS dependent)
3) Put in the disk
4) Wait
OK, that seems straightforward. Sorry for the stupid question.
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Forget option B. You can't do that and a bare-metal backup. You really ought to have a proper backup of the entire system if you're intending to put in a RAID at some point.
How you freshen the bare-metal backup would be completely different from option B. There's a couple ways to do it and none of them involve tar. How you do it depends on a) what you want to do b) what things you need to shut down to do so c) what devices the USB drive shows up as. We still know next to nothing about what your system is doing so I can't advise you on any of those.
Fair enough. When I get to the point of freshening the bare-metal backup, how would I go about figuring out that info so that you can continue to provide awesome advice?
I think you're right, you have a 32-bit machine. Use the install-x86-minimal CD.
When the CD boots it'll pour text across the screen for abit. That's normal. Wait until it brings you to a red root prompt to start typing things in.
Um, Try cat /etc/issue ? I still don't know what your system's distro is and am running out of ways to find out.
How you'd freshen the bare-metal backup? A couple ways. All of them would involve mounting the disk somehow(might be sdb6 or sdc6 or something like that, but not sda6) and updating its contents.
1) You could halt whatever service is serving files, cp -Rp /home/* /mnt/whatever, and start the service again. Simple, but slow since it copies files it already has, and won't delete any files that were deleted from your server in the meantime so it'll tend to accumulate old files.
2) Same as 1, but delete everything first. Even slower since it does even more work, but won't accumulate dead files.
3) rsync or something like rsync, to keep them synchronized. Smart enough to trawl through the drives and only update changed things. I'd need to research how to do this safely and sanely.
Last edited by Corona688; 03-29-2011 at 07:36 PM..
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