athena-jot(1) [debian man page]
JOT(1) General Commands Manual JOT(1) NAME
jot - print sequential or random data SYNOPSIS
jot [ options ] [ reps [ begin [ end [ s ] ] ] ] DESCRIPTION
Jot is used to print out increasing, decreasing, random, or redundant data, usually numbers, one per line. The options are understood as follows. -r Generate random data instead of sequential data, the default. -b word Just print word repetitively. -w word Print word with the generated data appended to it. Octal, hexadecimal, exponential, ASCII, zero padded, and right-adjusted repre- sentations are possible by using the appropriate printf(3) conversion specification inside word, in which case the data are inserted rather than appended. -c This is an abbreviation for -w %c. -s string Print data separated by string. Normally, newlines separate data. -n Do not print the final newline normally appended to the output. -p precision Print only as many digits or characters of the data as indicated by the integer precision. In the absence of -p, the precision is the greater of the precisions of begin and end. The -p option is overridden by whatever appears in a printf(3) conversion following -w. The last four arguments indicate, respectively, the number of data, the lower bound, the upper bound, and the step size or, for random data, the seed. While at least one of them must appear, any of the other three may be omitted, and will be considered as such if given as -. Any three of these arguments determines the fourth. If four are specified and the given and computed values of reps conflict, the lower value is used. If fewer than three are specified, defaults are assigned left to right, except for s, which assumes its default unless both begin and end are given. Defaults for the four arguments are, respectively, 100, 1, 100, and 1, except that when random data are requested, s defaults to a seed depending upon the time of day. Reps is expected to be an unsigned integer, and if given as zero is taken to be infinite. Begin and end may be given as real numbers or as characters representing the corresponding value in ASCII. The last argument must be a real number. Random numbers are obtained through random(3). The name jot derives in part from iota, a function in APL. EXAMPLES
The command jot 21 -1 1.00 prints 21 evenly spaced numbers increasing from -1 to 1. The ASCII character set is generated with jot -c 128 0 and the strings xaa through xaz with jot -w xa%c 26 a while 20 random 8-letter strings are produced with jot -r -c 160 a z | rs -g 0 8 Infinitely many yes's may be obtained through jot -b yes 0 and thirty ed(1) substitution commands applying to lines 2, 7, 12, etc. is the result of jot -w %ds/old/new/ 30 2 - 5 The stuttering sequence 9, 9, 8, 8, 7, etc. can be produced by suitable choice of precision and step size, as in jot 0 9 - -.5 and a file containing exactly 1024 bytes is created with jot -b x 512 > block Finally, to set tabs four spaces apart starting from column 10 and ending in column 132, use expand -`jot -s, - 10 132 4` and to print all lines 80 characters or longer, grep `jot -s "" -b . 80` SEE ALSO
ed(1), expand(1), rs(1), yes(1), printf(3), random(3), expand(1) 4th Berkeley Distribution June 6, 1993 JOT(1)
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RS(1) BSD General Commands Manual RS(1) NAME
rs -- reshape a data array SYNOPSIS
rs [-[csCS][x] [kKgGw][N] tTeEnyjhHmz] [rows [cols]] DESCRIPTION
The rs utility reads the standard input, interpreting each line as a row of blank-separated entries in an array, transforms the array accord- ing to the options, and writes it on the standard output. With no arguments it transforms stream input into a columnar format convenient for terminal viewing. The shape of the input array is deduced from the number of lines and the number of columns on the first line. If that shape is inconvenient, a more useful one might be obtained by skipping some of the input with the -k option. Other options control interpretation of the input col- umns. The shape of the output array is influenced by the rows and cols specifications, which should be positive integers. If only one of them is a positive integer, rs computes a value for the other which will accommodate all of the data. When necessary, missing data are supplied in a manner specified by the options and surplus data are deleted. There are options to control presentation of the output columns, including transposition of the rows and columns. The following options are available: -cx Input columns are delimited by the single character x. A missing x is taken to be `^I'. -sx Like -c, but maximal strings of x are delimiters. -Cx Output columns are delimited by the single character x. A missing x is taken to be `^I'. -Sx Like -C, but padded strings of x are delimiters. -t Fill in the rows of the output array using the columns of the input array, that is, transpose the input while honoring any rows and cols specifications. -T Print the pure transpose of the input, ignoring any rows or cols specification. -kN Ignore the first N lines of input. -KN Like -k, but print the ignored lines. -gN The gutter width (inter-column space), normally 2, is taken to be N. -GN The gutter width has N percent of the maximum column width added to it. -e Consider each line of input as an array entry. -n On lines having fewer entries than the first line, use null entries to pad out the line. Normally, missing entries are taken from the next line of input. -y If there are too few entries to make up the output dimensions, pad the output by recycling the input from the beginning. Normally, the output is padded with blanks. -h Print the shape of the input array and do nothing else. The shape is just the number of lines and the number of entries on the first line. -H Like -h, but also print the length of each line. -j Right adjust entries within columns. -wN The width of the display, normally 80, is taken to be the positive integer N. -m Do not trim excess delimiters from the ends of the output array. -z Adapt column widths to fit the largest entries appearing in them. With no arguments, rs transposes its input, and assumes one array entry per input line unless the first non-ignored line is longer than the display width. Option letters which take numerical arguments interpret a missing number as zero unless otherwise indicated. EXAMPLES
The rs utility can be used as a filter to convert the stream output of certain programs (e.g., spell, du, file, look, nm, who, and wc(1)) into a convenient ``window'' format, as in % who | rs This function has been incorporated into the ls(1) program, though for most programs with similar output rs suffices. To convert stream input into vector output and back again, use % rs 1 0 | rs 0 1 A 10 by 10 array of random numbers from 1 to 100 and its transpose can be generated with % jot -r 100 | rs 10 10 | tee array | rs -T > tarray In the editor vi(1), a file consisting of a multi-line vector with 9 elements per line can undergo insertions and deletions, and then be neatly reshaped into 9 columns with :1,$!rs 0 9 Finally, to sort a database by the first line of each 4-line field, try % rs -eC 0 4 | sort | rs -c 0 1 SEE ALSO
jot(1), pr(1), sort(1), vi(1) BUGS
Handles only two dimensional arrays. The algorithm currently reads the whole file into memory, so files that do not fit in memory will not be reshaped. Fields cannot be defined yet on character positions. Re-ordering of columns is not yet possible. There are too many options. BSD
December 30, 1993 BSD