ddi_dma_attr(9S) Data Structures for Drivers ddi_dma_attr(9S)
NAME
ddi_dma_attr - DMA attributes structure
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/ddidmareq.h>
INTERFACE LEVEL
Solaris DDI specific (Solaris DDI).
DESCRIPTION
A ddi_dma_attr_t structure describes device- and DMA engine-specific attributes necessary to allocate DMA resources for a device. The
driver might have to extend the attributes with bus-specific information, depending on the bus to which the device is connected.
STRUCTURE MEMBERS
uint_t dma_attr_version; /* version number */
uint64_t dma_attr_addr_lo; /* low DMA address range */
uint64_t dma_attr_addr_hi; /* high DMA address range */
uint64_t dma_attr_count_max; /* DMA counter register */
uint64_t dma_attr_align; /* DMA address alignment */
uint_t dma_attr_burstsizes; /* DMA burstsizes */
uint32_t dma_attr_minxfer; /* min effective DMA size */
uint64_t dma_attr_maxxfer; /* max DMA xfer size */
uint64_t dma_attr_seg; /* segment boundary */
int dma_attr_sgllen; /* s/g list length */
uint32_t dma_attr_granular; /* granularity of device */
uint_t dma_attr_flags; /* DMA transfer flags */
dma_attr_version stores the version number of this DMA attribute structure. It should be set to DMA_ATTR_V0.
The dma_attr_addr_lo and dma_attr_addr_hi fields specify the address range the device's DMA engine can access. The dma_attr_addr_lo field
describes the inclusive lower 64-bit boundary. The dma_attr_addr_hi describes the inclusive upper 64-bit boundary. The system ensures that
allocated DMA resources are within the range specified. See ddi_dma_cookie(9S).
The dma_attr_count_max describes an inclusive upper bound for the device's DMA counter register. For example, 0xFFFFFF would describe a
DMA engine with a 24-bit counter register. DMA resource allocation functions have to break up a DMA object into multiple DMA cookies if
the size of the object exceeds the size of the DMA counter register.
The dma_attr_align specifies alignment requirements for allocated DMA resources. This field can be used to force more restrictive alignment
than imposed by dma_attr_burstsizes or dma_attr_minxfer, such as alignment at a page boundary. Most drivers set this field to 1, indicating
byte alignment.
Note that dma_attr_align only specifies alignment requirements for allocated DMA resources. The buffer passed to ddi_dma_addr_bind_han-
dle(9F) or ddi_dma_buf_bind_handle(9F) must have an equally restrictive alignment (see ddi_dma_mem_alloc(9F)).
The dma_attr_burstsizes field describes the possible burst sizes the device's DMA engine can accept. The format of the data sizes is
binary encoded in terms of powers of two. When DMA resources are allocated, the system can modify the burstsizes value to reflect the sys-
tem limits. The driver must use the allowable burstsizes to program the DMA engine. See ddi_dma_burstsizes(9F).
The dma_attr_minxfer field describes the minimum effective DMA access size in units of bytes. DMA resources can be modified, depending on
the presence and use of I/O caches and write buffers between the DMA engine and the memory object. This field is used to determine align-
ment and padding requirements for ddi_dma_mem_alloc(9F).
The dma_attr_maxxfer field describes the maximum effective DMA access size in units of bytes.
The dma_attr_seg field specifies segment boundary restrictions for allocated DMA resources. The system allocates DMA resources for the
device so that the object does not span the segment boundary specified by dma_attr_seg. For example, a value of 0xFFFF means DMA resources
must not cross a 64 Kbyte boundary. DMA resource allocation functions might have to break up a DMA object into multiple DMA cookies to
enforce segment boundary restrictions. In this case, the transfer must be performed using scatter-gather I/O or multiple DMA windows.
The dma_attr_sgllen field describes the length of the device's DMA scatter/gather list. Possible values are as follows:
< 0 Device DMA engine is not constrained by the size, for example, withDMA chaining.
= 0 Reserved.
= 1 Device DMA engine does not support scatter/gather such as third party DMA.
> 1 Device DMA engine uses scatter/gather. dma_attr_sgllen is the maximum number of entries in the list.
The dma_attr_granular field describes the granularity of the device transfer size, in units of bytes. When the system allocates DMA
resources, a single segment's size is a multiple of the device granularity. Or if dma_attr_sgllen is larger than 1 within a window, the
sum of the sizes for a subgroup of segments is a multiple of the device granularity.
Note that all driver requests for DMA resources must be a multiple of the granularity of the device transfer size.
The dma_attr_flags field can be set to:
DDI_DMA_FORCE_PHYSICAL
Some platforms, such as SPARC systems, support what is called Direct Virtual Memory Access (DVMA). On these platforms, the device is
provided with a virtual address by the system in order to perform the transfer. In this case, the underlying platform provides an
IOMMU, which translates accesses to these virtual addresses into the proper physical addresses. Some of these platforms also support
DMA. DDI_DMA_FORCE_PHYSICAL indicates that the system should return physical rather than virtual I/O addresses if the system supports
both. If the system does not support physical DMA, the return value from ddi_dma_alloc_handle(9F) will be DDI_DMA_BADATTR. In this
case, the driver has to clear DDI_DMA_FORCE_PHYSICAL and retry the operation.
EXAMPLES
Example 1: Initializing the ddi_dma_attr_t Structure
Assume a device has the following DMA characteristics:
o Full 32-bit range addressable
o 24-bit DMA counter register
o Byte alignment
o 4- and 8-byte burst sizes support
o Minimum effective transfer size of 1 bytes
o 64 Mbyte maximum transfer size limit
o Maximum segment size of 32 Kbyte
o 17 scatter/gather list elements
o 512-byte device transfer size granularity
The corresponding ddi_dma_attr_t structure is initialized as follows:
static ddi_dma_attr_t dma_attrs = {
DMA_ATTR_V0 /* version number */
(uint64_t)0x0, /* low address */
(uint64_t)0xffffffff, /* high address */
(uint64_t)0xffffff, /* DMA counter max */
(uint64_t)0x1 /* alignment */
0x0c, /* burst sizes */
0x1, /* minimum transfer size */
(uint64_t)0x3ffffff, /* maximum transfer size */
(uint64_t)0x7fff, /* maximum segment size */
17, /* scatter/gather list lgth */
512 /* granularity */
0 /* DMA flags */
};
SEE ALSO
ddi_dma_addr_bind_handle(9F), ddi_dma_alloc_handle(9F), ddi_dma_buf_bind_handle(9F), ddi_dma_burstsizes(9F), ddi_dma_mem_alloc(9F),
ddi_dma_nextcookie(9F), ddi_dma_cookie(9S)
Writing Device Drivers
SunOS 5.10 26 Sep 1996 ddi_dma_attr(9S)