CHMEM(1) General Commands Manual CHMEM(1)NAME
chmem - change memory allocation
SYNOPSIS
chmem [+] [-] [=] amount file
EXAMPLES
chmem =50000 a.out # Give a.out 50K of stack space
chmem -4000 a.out # Reduce the stack space by 4000 bytes
chmem +1000 file1 # Increase each stack by 1000 bytes
DESCRIPTION
When a program is loaded into memory, it is allocated enough memory for the text and data+bss segments, plus an area for the stack. Data
segment growth using malloc , brk , or sbrk eats up stack space from the low end. The amount of stack space to allocate is derived from a
field in the executable program's file header. If the combined stack and data segment growth exceeds the stack space allocated, the pro-
gram will be terminated.
It is therefore important to set the amount of stack space carefully. If too little is provided, the program may crash. If too much is
provided, memory will be wasted, and fewer programs will be able to fit in memory and run simultaneously. MINIX does not swap, so that
when memory is full, subsequent attempts to fork will fail. The compiler sets the stack space to the largest possible value (for the Intel
CPUs, 64K - text - data). For many programs, this value is far too large. Nonrecursive programs that do not call brk , sbrk , or malloc ,
and do not have any local arrays usually do not need more than 8K of stack space.
The chmem command changes the value of the header field that determines the stack allocation, and thus indirectly the total memory required
to run the program. The = option sets the stack size to a specific value; the + and - options increment and decrement the current value by
the indicated amount. The old and new stack sizes are printed.
SEE ALSO install(1), brk(2).
CHMEM(1)
Check Out this Related Man Page
STACK(9) BSD Kernel Developer's Manual STACK(9)NAME
STACK -- stack macros
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/param.h>
type
STACK_ALLOC(sp, size);
type
STACK_MAX(sp, size);
type
STACK_ALIGN(sp, bytes);
type
STACK_GROW(sp, size);
type
STACK_SHRINK(sp, size);
DESCRIPTION
A stack is an area of memory with a fixed origin but with a variable size. A stack pointer points to the most recently referenced location
on the stack. Initially, when the stack has a size of zero, the stack pointer points to the origin of the stack. When data items are added
to the stack, the stack pointer moves away from the origin.
The STACK_ALLOC() macro returns a pointer to allocated stack space of some size. Given the returned pointer sp and size, STACK_MAX() returns
the maximum stack address of the allocated stack space. The STACK_ALIGN() macro can be used to align the stack pointer sp by the specified
amount of bytes.
Two basic operations are common to all stacks: a data item is added (``push'') to the location pointed by sp or a data item is removed
(``pop'') from the stack. The stack pointer must be subsequently adjusted by the size of the data item. The STACK_GROW() and STACK_SHRINK()
macros adjust the stack pointer sp by given size.
A stack may grow either up or down. The described macros take this into account by using the __MACHINE_STACK_GROWS_UP preprocessor define.
SEE ALSO param(3), queue(3)BSD April 8, 2011 BSD
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