JOURNALD.CONF(5) journald.conf JOURNALD.CONF(5)
NAME
journald.conf, journald.conf.d - Journal service configuration files
SYNOPSIS
/etc/systemd/journald.conf
/etc/systemd/journald.conf.d/*.conf
/run/systemd/journald.conf.d/*.conf
/usr/lib/systemd/journald.conf.d/*.conf
DESCRIPTION
These files configure various parameters of the systemd journal service, systemd-journald.service(8).
CONFIGURATION DIRECTORIES AND PRECEDENCE
The default configuration is defined during compilation, so a configuration file is only needed when it is necessary to deviate from those
defaults. By default, the configuration file in /etc/systemd/ contains commented out entries showing the defaults as a guide to the
administrator. This file can be edited to create local overrides.
When packages need to customize the configuration, they can install configuration snippets in /usr/lib/systemd/*.conf.d/. Files in /etc/
are reserved for the local administrator, who may use this logic to override the configuration files installed by vendor packages. The main
configuration file is read before any of the configuration directories, and has the lowest precedence; entries in a file in any
configuration directory override entries in the single configuration file. Files in the *.conf.d/ configuration subdirectories are sorted
by their filename in lexicographic order, regardless of which of the subdirectories they reside in. When multiple files specify the same
option, for options which accept just a single value, the entry in the file with the lexicographically latest name takes precedence. For
options which accept a list of values, entries are collected as they occur in files sorted lexicographically. It is recommended to prefix
all filenames in those subdirectories with a two-digit number and a dash, to simplify the ordering of the files.
To disable a configuration file supplied by the vendor, the recommended way is to place a symlink to /dev/null in the configuration
directory in /etc/, with the same filename as the vendor configuration file.
OPTIONS
All options are configured in the "[Journal]" section:
Storage=
Controls where to store journal data. One of "volatile", "persistent", "auto" and "none". If "volatile", journal log data will be
stored only in memory, i.e. below the /run/log/journal hierarchy (which is created if needed). If "persistent", data will be stored
preferably on disk, i.e. below the /var/log/journal hierarchy (which is created if needed), with a fallback to /run/log/journal (which
is created if needed), during early boot and if the disk is not writable. "auto" is similar to "persistent" but the directory
/var/log/journal is not created if needed, so that its existence controls where log data goes. "none" turns off all storage, all log
data received will be dropped. Forwarding to other targets, such as the console, the kernel log buffer, or a syslog socket will still
work however. Defaults to "auto".
Compress=
Takes a boolean value. If enabled (the default), data objects that shall be stored in the journal and are larger than a certain
threshold are compressed before they are written to the file system.
Seal=
Takes a boolean value. If enabled (the default), and a sealing key is available (as created by journalctl(1)'s --setup-keys command),
Forward Secure Sealing (FSS) for all persistent journal files is enabled. FSS is based on Seekable Sequential Key Generators[1] by G.
A. Marson and B. Poettering (doi:10.1007/978-3-642-40203-6_7) and may be used to protect journal files from unnoticed alteration.
SplitMode=
Controls whether to split up journal files per user, either "uid" or "none". Split journal files are primarily useful for access
control: on UNIX/Linux access control is managed per file, and the journal daemon will assign users read access to their journal files.
If "uid", all regular users will each get their own journal files, and system users will log to the system journal. If "none", journal
files are not split up by user and all messages are instead stored in the single system journal. In this mode unprivileged users
generally do not have access to their own log data. Note that splitting up journal files by user is only available for journals stored
persistently. If journals are stored on volatile storage (see Storage= above), only a single journal file is used. Defaults to "uid".
RateLimitIntervalSec=, RateLimitBurst=
Configures the rate limiting that is applied to all messages generated on the system. If, in the time interval defined by
RateLimitIntervalSec=, more messages than specified in RateLimitBurst= are logged by a service, all further messages within the
interval are dropped until the interval is over. A message about the number of dropped messages is generated. This rate limiting is
applied per-service, so that two services which log do not interfere with each other's limits. Defaults to 1000 messages in 30s. The
time specification for RateLimitIntervalSec= may be specified in the following units: "s", "min", "h", "ms", "us". To turn off any kind
of rate limiting, set either value to 0.
SystemMaxUse=, SystemKeepFree=, SystemMaxFileSize=, SystemMaxFiles=, RuntimeMaxUse=, RuntimeKeepFree=, RuntimeMaxFileSize=,
RuntimeMaxFiles=
Enforce size limits on the journal files stored. The options prefixed with "System" apply to the journal files when stored on a
persistent file system, more specifically /var/log/journal. The options prefixed with "Runtime" apply to the journal files when stored
on a volatile in-memory file system, more specifically /run/log/journal. The former is used only when /var is mounted, writable, and
the directory /var/log/journal exists. Otherwise, only the latter applies. Note that this means that during early boot and if the
administrator disabled persistent logging, only the latter options apply, while the former apply if persistent logging is enabled and
the system is fully booted up. journalctl and systemd-journald ignore all files with names not ending with ".journal" or ".journal~",
so only such files, located in the appropriate directories, are taken into account when calculating current disk usage.
SystemMaxUse= and RuntimeMaxUse= control how much disk space the journal may use up at most. SystemKeepFree= and RuntimeKeepFree=
control how much disk space systemd-journald shall leave free for other uses. systemd-journald will respect both limits and use the
smaller of the two values.
The first pair defaults to 10% and the second to 15% of the size of the respective file system, but each value is capped to 4G. If the
file system is nearly full and either SystemKeepFree= or RuntimeKeepFree= are violated when systemd-journald is started, the limit will
be raised to the percentage that is actually free. This means that if there was enough free space before and journal files were
created, and subsequently something else causes the file system to fill up, journald will stop using more space, but it will not be
removing existing files to reduce the footprint again, either.
SystemMaxFileSize= and RuntimeMaxFileSize= control how large individual journal files may grow at most. This influences the granularity
in which disk space is made available through rotation, i.e. deletion of historic data. Defaults to one eighth of the values configured
with SystemMaxUse= and RuntimeMaxUse=, so that usually seven rotated journal files are kept as history.
Specify values in bytes or use K, M, G, T, P, E as units for the specified sizes (equal to 1024, 10242, ... bytes). Note that size
limits are enforced synchronously when journal files are extended, and no explicit rotation step triggered by time is needed.
SystemMaxFiles= and RuntimeMaxFiles= control how many individual journal files to keep at most. Note that only archived files are
deleted to reduce the number of files until this limit is reached; active files will stay around. This means that, in effect, there
might still be more journal files around in total than this limit after a vacuuming operation is complete. This setting defaults to
100.
MaxFileSec=
The maximum time to store entries in a single journal file before rotating to the next one. Normally, time-based rotation should not be
required as size-based rotation with options such as SystemMaxFileSize= should be sufficient to ensure that journal files do not grow
without bounds. However, to ensure that not too much data is lost at once when old journal files are deleted, it might make sense to
change this value from the default of one month. Set to 0 to turn off this feature. This setting takes time values which may be
suffixed with the units "year", "month", "week", "day", "h" or "m" to override the default time unit of seconds.
MaxRetentionSec=
The maximum time to store journal entries. This controls whether journal files containing entries older then the specified time span
are deleted. Normally, time-based deletion of old journal files should not be required as size-based deletion with options such as
SystemMaxUse= should be sufficient to ensure that journal files do not grow without bounds. However, to enforce data retention
policies, it might make sense to change this value from the default of 0 (which turns off this feature). This setting also takes time
values which may be suffixed with the units "year", "month", "week", "day", "h" or " m" to override the default time unit of seconds.
SyncIntervalSec=
The timeout before synchronizing journal files to disk. After syncing, journal files are placed in the OFFLINE state. Note that syncing
is unconditionally done immediately after a log message of priority CRIT, ALERT or EMERG has been logged. This setting hence applies
only to messages of the levels ERR, WARNING, NOTICE, INFO, DEBUG. The default timeout is 5 minutes.
ForwardToSyslog=, ForwardToKMsg=, ForwardToConsole=, ForwardToWall=
Control whether log messages received by the journal daemon shall be forwarded to a traditional syslog daemon, to the kernel log buffer
(kmsg), to the system console, or sent as wall messages to all logged-in users. These options take boolean arguments. If forwarding to
syslog is enabled but nothing reads messages from the socket, forwarding to syslog has no effect. By default, only forwarding to syslog
and wall is enabled. These settings may be overridden at boot time with the kernel command line options
"systemd.journald.forward_to_syslog", "systemd.journald.forward_to_kmsg", "systemd.journald.forward_to_console", and
"systemd.journald.forward_to_wall". If the option name is specified without "=" and the following argument, true is assumed. Otherwise,
the argument is parsed as a boolean. When forwarding to the console, the TTY to log to can be changed with TTYPath=, described below.
MaxLevelStore=, MaxLevelSyslog=, MaxLevelKMsg=, MaxLevelConsole=, MaxLevelWall=
Controls the maximum log level of messages that are stored on disk, forwarded to syslog, kmsg, the console or wall (if that is enabled,
see above). As argument, takes one of "emerg", "alert", "crit", "err", "warning", "notice", "info", "debug", or integer values in the
range of 0-7 (corresponding to the same levels). Messages equal or below the log level specified are stored/forwarded, messages above
are dropped. Defaults to "debug" for MaxLevelStore= and MaxLevelSyslog=, to ensure that the all messages are written to disk and
forwarded to syslog. Defaults to "notice" for MaxLevelKMsg=, "info" for MaxLevelConsole=, and "emerg" for MaxLevelWall=. These settings
may be overridden at boot time with the kernel command line options "systemd.journald.max_level_store=",
"systemd.journald.max_level_syslog=", "systemd.journald.max_level_kmsg=", "systemd.journald.max_level_console=",
"systemd.journald.max_level_wall=".
ReadKMsg=
Takes a boolean value. If enabled (the default), journal reads /dev/kmsg messages generated by the kernel.
TTYPath=
Change the console TTY to use if ForwardToConsole=yes is used. Defaults to /dev/console.
LineMax=
The maximum line length to permit when converting stream logs into record logs. When a systemd unit's standard output/error are
connected to the journal via a stream socket, the data read is split into individual log records at newline ("
", ASCII 10) and NUL
characters. If no such delimiter is read for the specified number of bytes a hard log record boundary is artificially inserted,
breaking up overly long lines into multiple log records. Selecting overly large values increases the possible memory usage of the
Journal daemon for each stream client, as in the worst case the journal daemon needs to buffer the specified number of bytes in memory
before it can flush a new log record to disk. Also note that permitting overly large line maximum line lengths affects compatibility
with traditional log protocols as log records might not fit anymore into a single AF_UNIX or AF_INET datagram. Takes a size in bytes.
If the value is suffixed with K, M, G or T, the specified size is parsed as Kilobytes, Megabytes, Gigabytes, or Terabytes (with the
base 1024), respectively. Defaults to 48K, which is relatively large but still small enough so that log records likely fit into network
datagrams along with extra room for metadata. Note that values below 79 are not accepted and will be bumped to 79.
FORWARDING TO TRADITIONAL SYSLOG DAEMONS
Journal events can be transferred to a different logging daemon in two different ways. With the first method, messages are immediately
forwarded to a socket (/run/systemd/journal/syslog), where the traditional syslog daemon can read them. This method is controlled by the
ForwardToSyslog= option. With a second method, a syslog daemon behaves like a normal journal client, and reads messages from the journal
files, similarly to journalctl(1). With this, messages do not have to be read immediately, which allows a logging daemon which is only
started late in boot to access all messages since the start of the system. In addition, full structured meta-data is available to it. This
method of course is available only if the messages are stored in a journal file at all. So it will not work if Storage=none is set. It
should be noted that usually the second method is used by syslog daemons, so the Storage= option, and not the ForwardToSyslog= option, is
relevant for them.
SEE ALSO
systemd(1), systemd-journald.service(8), journalctl(1), systemd.journal-fields(7), systemd-system.conf(5)
NOTES
1. Seekable Sequential Key Generators
https://eprint.iacr.org/2013/397
systemd 237 JOURNALD.CONF(5)