t_connect(3NSL) Networking Services Library Functions t_connect(3NSL)
NAME
t_connect - establish a connection with another transport user
SYNOPSIS
#include <xti.h>
int t_connect(int fd, const struct t_call *sndcall, struct t_call *rcvcall);
DESCRIPTION
This routine is part of the XTI interfaces which evolved from the TLI interfaces. XTI represents the future evolution of these interfaces.
However, TLI interfaces are supported for compatibility. When using a TLI routine that has the same name as an XTI routine, the tiuser.h
header file must be used. Refer to the TLI COMPATIBILITY section for a description of differences between the two interfaces. This func-
tion enables a transport user to request a connection to the specified destination transport user.
This function can only be issued in the T_IDLE state. The parameter fd identifies the local transport endpoint where communication will be
established, while sndcall and rcvcall point to a t_call structure which contains the following members:
struct netbuf addr;
struct netbuf opt;
struct netbuf udata;
int sequence;
The parameter sndcall specifies information needed by the transport provider to establish a connection and rcvcall specifies information
that is associated with the newly established connection.
In sndcall, addr specifies the protocol address of the destination transport user, opt presents any protocol-specific information that
might be needed by the transport provider, udata points to optional user data that may be passed to the destination transport user during
connection establishment, and sequence has no meaning for this function.
On return, in rcvcall, addr contains the protocol address associated with the responding transport endpoint, opt represents any protocol-
specific information associated with the connection, udata points to optional user data that may be returned by the destination transport
user during connection establishment, and sequence has no meaning for this function.
The opt argument permits users to define the options that may be passed to the transport provider. The user may choose not to negotiate
protocol options by setting the len field of opt to zero. In this case, the provider uses the option values currently set for the communi-
cations endpoint.
If used, sndcall->opt.buf must point to a buffer with the corresponding options, and sndcall->opt.len must specify its length. The maxlen
and buf fields of the netbuf structure pointed by rcvcall->addr and rcvcall->opt must be set before the call.
The udata argument enables the caller to pass user data to the destination transport user and receive user data from the destination user
during connection establishment. However, the amount of user data must not exceed the limits supported by the transport provider as
returned in the connect field of the info argument of t_open(3NSL) or t_getinfo(3NSL). If the len of udata is zero in sndcall, no data will
be sent to the destination transport user.
On return, the addr, opt and udata fields of rcvcall will be updated to reflect values associated with the connection. Thus, the maxlen
field of each argument must be set before issuing this function to indicate the maximum size of the buffer for each. However, maxlen can be
set to zero, in which case no information to this specific argument is given to the user on the return from t_connect(). If maxlen is
greater than zero and less than the length of the value, t_connect() fails with t_errno set to TBUFOVFLW. If rcvcall is set to NULL, no
information at all is returned.
By default, t_connect() executes in synchronous mode, and will wait for the destination user's response before returning control to the
local user. A successful return (that is, return value of zero) indicates that the requested connection has been established. However, if
O_NONBLOCK is set by means of t_open(3NSL) or fcntl(2), t_connect() executes in asynchronous mode. In this case, the call will not wait
for the remote user's response, but will return control immediately to the local user and return -1 with t_errno set to TNODATA to indi-
cate that the connection has not yet been established. In this way, the function simply initiates the connection establishment procedure by
sending a connection request to the destination transport user. The t_rcvconnect(3NSL) function is used in conjunction with t_connect() to
determine the status of the requested connection.
When a synchronous t_connect() call is interrupted by the arrival of a signal, the state of the corresponding transport endpoint is T_OUT-
CON, allowing a further call to either t_rcvconnect(3NSL), t_rcvdis(3NSL) or t_snddis(3NSL). When an asynchronous t_connect() call is
interrupted by the arrival of a signal, the state of the corresponding transport endpoint is T_IDLE.
RETURN VALUES
Upon successful completion, a value of 0 is returned. Otherwise, a value of -1 is returned and t_errno is set to indicate an error.
VALID STATES
T_IDLE
ERRORS
On failure, t_errno is set to one of the following:
TACCES The user does not have permission to use the specified address or options.
TADDRBUSY This transport provider does not support multiple connections with the same local and remote addresses. This error indi-
cates that a connection already exists.
TBADADDR The specified protocol address was in an incorrect format or contained illegal information.
TBADDATA The amount of user data specified was not within the bounds allowed by the transport provider.
TBADF The specified file descriptor does not refer to a transport endpoint.
TBADOPT The specified protocol options were in an incorrect format or contained illegal information.
TBUFOVFLW The number of bytes allocated for an incoming argument (maxlen) is greater than 0 but not sufficient to store the value of
that argument. If executed in synchronous mode, the provider's state, as seen by the user, changes to T_DATAXFER, and the
information to be returned in rcvcall is discarded.
TLOOK An asynchronous event has occurred on this transport endpoint and requires immediate attention.
TNODATA O_NONBLOCK was set, so the function successfully initiated the connection establishment procedure, but did not wait for a
response from the remote user.
TNOTSUPPORT This function is not supported by the underlying transport provider.
TOUTSTATE The communications endpoint referenced by fd is not in one of the states in which a call to this function is valid.
TPROTO This error indicates that a communication problem has been detected between XTI and the transport provider for which there
is no other suitable XTI error (t_errno).
TSYSERR A system error has occurred during execution of this function.
TLI COMPATIBILITY
The XTI and TLI interface definitions have common names but use different header files. This, and other semantic differences between the
two interfaces are described in the subsections below.
Interface Header
The XTI interfaces use the header file, xti.h. TLI interfaces should not use this header. They should use the header:
#include <tiuser.h>
Error Description Values
The TPROTO and TADDRBUSY t_errno values can be set by the XTI interface but not by the TLI interface.
A t_errno value that this routine can return under different circumstances than its XTI counterpart is TBUFOVFLW. It can be returned even
when the maxlen field of the corresponding buffer has been set to zero.
Option Buffers
The format of the options in an opt buffer is dictated by the transport provider. Unlike the XTI interface, the TLI interface does not fix
the buffer format.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
|MT Level |Safe |
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
SEE ALSO
fcntl(2), t_accept(3NSL), t_alloc(3NSL), t_getinfo(3NSL), t_listen(3NSL), t_open(3NSL), t_optmgmt(3NSL), t_rcvconnect(3NSL),
t_rcvdis(3NSL), t_snddis(3NSL), attributes
SunOS 5.10 7 May 1998 t_connect(3NSL)