ATH(4) BSD Kernel Interfaces Manual ATH(4)
NAME
ath -- Atheros IEEE 802.11 wireless network driver
SYNOPSIS
To compile this driver into the kernel, place the following lines in your kernel configuration file:
device ath
device ath_hal
options AH_SUPPORT_AR5416
device ath_rate_sample
device wlan
Alternatively, to load the driver as a module at boot time, place the following line in loader.conf(5):
if_ath_load="YES"
DESCRIPTION
The ath driver provides support for wireless network adapters based on the Atheros AR5210, AR5211, AR5212, and AR5416 programming APIs.
These APIs are used by a wide variety of chips; most all chips with a PCI and/or CardBus interface are supported.
Supported features include 802.11 and 802.3 frames, power management, BSS, IBSS, MBSS, TDMA, and host-based access point operation modes.
All host/device interaction is via DMA.
The ath driver encapsulates all IP and ARP traffic as 802.11 frames, however it can receive either 802.11 or 802.3 frames. Transmit speed
and operating mode is selectable and depends on the specific chipset. AR5210-based devices support 802.11a operation with transmit speeds of
6 Mbps, 9 Mbps, 12 Mbps, 18 Mbps, 24 Mbps, 36 Mbps, 48 Mbps, and 54 Mbps. AR5211-based devices support 802.11a and 802.11b operation with
transmit speeds as above for 802.11a operation and 1Mbps, 2Mbps, 5.5 Mbps and 11Mbps for 802.11b operation. AR5212-based devices support
802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g operation with transmit speeds appropriate to each. AR5416-class devices are capable of 802.11n operation but
are supported only in legacy modes (802.11a, 11b, 11g). Most chips also support an Atheros Turbo Mode (TM) that operates in the 5Ghz fre-
quency range with 2x the transmit speeds. Some chips also support Turbo mode in the 2.4Ghz range with 802.11g though this support is not
presently available due to regulatory requirements. (Note that Turbo modes are, however, only interoperable with other Atheros-based
devices.) AR5212-based devices also support half- (10MHz) and quarter-width (5MHz) channels. The actual transmit speed used is dependent on
signal quality and the ``rate control'' algorithm employed by the driver. All chips support WEP encryption. AR5212 and AR5416 parts have
hardware support for the AES-CCM, TKIP, and Michael cryptographic operations required for WPA. To enable encryption, use ifconfig(8) as
shown below.
The driver supports station, adhoc, adhoc-demo, hostap, mesh, wds, and monitor mode operation. Multiple hostap virtual interfaces may be
configured for simultaneous use on cards that use a 5212 part. When multiple interfaces are configured each may have a separate mac address
that is formed by setting the U/L bits in the mac address assigned to the underlying device. Any number of wds virtual interfaces may be
configured together with hostap interfaces. Multiple station interfaces may be operated together with hostap interfaces to construct a wire-
less repeater device. The driver also support tdma operation when compiled with options IEEE80211_SUPPORT_TDMA (which also enables the
required 802.11 support). For more information on configuring this device, see ifconfig(8).
Devices supported by the ath driver come in either Cardbus or mini-PCI packages. Wireless cards in Cardbus slots may be inserted and ejected
on the fly.
HARDWARE
The ath driver supports all Atheros Cardbus and PCI cards, except those that are based on the AR5005VL chipset.
A list of cards that are supported can be found at http://customerproducts.atheros.com/customerproducts/default.asp.
EXAMPLES
Join an existing BSS network (ie: connect to an access point):
ifconfig ath0 inet 192.168.0.20 netmask 0xffffff00
Join a specific BSS network with network name ``my_net'':
ifconfig ath0 inet 192.168.0.20 netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_net
Join a specific BSS network with WEP encryption:
ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0
ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.20 netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_net
wepmode on wepkey 0x8736639624
Join/create an 802.11b IBSS network with network name ``my_net'':
ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode adhoc
ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.22 netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_net
mode 11b
Create an 802.11g host-based access point:
ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode hostap
ifconfig wlan0 inet 192.168.0.10 netmask 0xffffff00 ssid my_ap
mode 11g
Create an 802.11a mesh station:
ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode mesh
ifconfig wlan0 meshid my_mesh mode 11a inet 192.168.0.10/24
Create two virtual 802.11a host-based access points, one with with WEP enabled and one with no security, and bridge them to the fxp0 (wired)
device:
ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode hostap
ssid paying-customers wepmode on wepkey 0x1234567890
mode 11a up
ifconfig wlan1 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode hostap bssid
ssid freeloaders up
ifconfig bridge0 create addm wlan0 addm wlan1 addm fxp0 up
Create a master node in a two slot TDMA BSS configured to use 2.5 millisecond slots.
ifconfig wlan0 create wlandev ath0 wlanmode tdma
ssid tdma-test tmdaslot 0 tdmaslotlen 2500
channel 36 up
DIAGNOSTICS
ath%d: unable to attach hardware; HAL status %u The Atheros Hardware Access Layer was unable to configure the hardware as requested. The
status code is explained in the HAL include file sys/dev/ath/ath_hal/ah.h.
ath%d: failed to allocate descriptors: %d The driver was unable to allocate contiguous memory for the transmit and receive descriptors.
This usually indicates system memory is scarce and/or fragmented.
ath%d: unable to setup a data xmit queue! The request to the HAL to set up the transmit queue for normal data frames failed. This should
not happen.
ath%d: unable to setup a beacon xmit queue! The request to the HAL to set up the transmit queue for 802.11 beacon frames frames failed.
This should not happen.
ath%d: 802.11 address: %s The MAC address programmed in the EEPROM is displayed.
ath%d: hardware error; resetting An unrecoverable error in the hardware occurred. Errors of this sort include unrecoverable DMA errors.
The driver will reset the hardware and continue.
ath%d: rx FIFO overrun; resetting The receive FIFO in the hardware overflowed before the data could be transferred to the host. This typi-
cally occurs because the hardware ran short of receive descriptors and had no place to transfer received data. The driver will reset the
hardware and continue.
ath%d: unable to reset hardware; hal status %u The Atheros Hardware Access Layer was unable to reset the hardware as requested. The status
code is explained in the HAL include file sys/dev/ath/ath_hal/ah.h. This should not happen.
ath%d: unable to start recv logic The driver was unable to restart frame reception. This should not happen.
ath%d: device timeout A frame dispatched to the hardware for transmission did not complete in time. The driver will reset the hardware and
continue. This should not happen.
ath%d: bogus xmit rate 0x%x An invalid transmit rate was specified for an outgoing frame. The frame is discarded. This should not happen.
ath%d: ath_chan_set: unable to reset channel %u (%u MHz) The Atheros Hardware Access Layer was unable to reset the hardware when switching
channels during scanning. This should not happen.
ath%d: failed to enable memory mapping The driver was unable to enable memory-mapped I/O to the PCI device registers. This should not hap-
pen.
ath%d: failed to enable bus mastering The driver was unable to enable the device as a PCI bus master for doing DMA. This should not happen.
ath%d: cannot map register space The driver was unable to map the device registers into the host address space. This should not happen.
ath%d: could not map interrupt The driver was unable to allocate an IRQ for the device interrupt. This should not happen.
ath%d: could not establish interrupt The driver was unable to install the device interrupt handler. This should not happen.
SEE ALSO
ath_hal(4), cardbus(4), intro(4), pcic(4), wlan(4), wlan_ccmp(4), wlan_tkip(4), wlan_wep(4), wlan_xauth(4), hostapd(8), ifconfig(8),
wpa_supplicant(8)
HISTORY
The ath device driver first appeared in FreeBSD 5.2.
CAVEATS
Revision A1 of the D-LINK DWL-G520 and DWL-G650 are based on an Intersil PrismGT chip and are not supported by this driver.
BUGS
There is no software retransmit; only hardware retransmit is used.
The driver does not fully enable power-save operation of the chip in station mode; consequently power use is suboptimal (e.g. on a laptop).
WPA is not supported for 5210 parts.
BSD
July 8, 2009 BSD