nisaddcred(1M) System Administration Commands nisaddcred(1M)
NAME
nisaddcred - create NIS+ credentials
SYNOPSIS
nisaddcred [-p principal] [-P nis_principal] [-l login_password] auth_type [domain_name]
nisaddcred -r [nis_principal] [domain_name]
DESCRIPTION
The nisaddcred command is used to create security credentials for NIS+ principals. NIS+ credentials serve two purposes. The first is to
provide authentication information to various services; the second is to map the authentication service name into a NIS+ principal name.
When the nisaddcred command is run, these credentials get created and stored in a table named cred.org_dir in the default NIS+ domain. If
domain_name is specified, the entries are stored in the cred.org_dir of the specified domain. The specified domain must either be the one
to which you belong, or one in which you are authenticated and authorized to create credentials, that is, a subdomain. Note that the cre-
dentials of normal users must be stored in the same domain as their passwords.
It is simpler to add credentials using nisclient(1M), because it obtains the required information itself. nispopulate(1M) is used for
"bulk" updates and can also be used to add credentials for entries in the hosts and the passwd NIS+ tables.
NIS+ principal names are used in specifying clients that have access rights to NIS+ objects. For more details, refer to the "Principal
Names" subsection of the nis+(1) manual page. See nischmod(1), nischown(1), nis_objects(3NSL), and nis_groups(3NSL). Various other ser-
vices can also implement access control based on these principal names.
The cred.org_dir table is organized as follows:
cname auth_type auth_name public_data private_data
user1.foo.com. LOCAL 2990 10,102,44
user1.foo.com. DES unix.2990@foo.com 098...819 3b8...ab2
user1.foo.com. DHmmm-n unix.2990@foo.com 248...428 a42...f32
The cname column contains a canonical representation of the NIS+ principal name. By convention, this name is the login name of a user, or
the host name of a machine, followed by a dot ('.') followed by the fully qualified "home" domain of that principal. For users, the home
domain is defined to be the domain where their DES credentials are kept. For hosts, their home domain is defined to be the domain name
returned by the domainname(1M) command executed on that host.
There are two basic types of auth_type entries in the cred.org_dir table, those with authentication type LOCAL, and those with authentica-
tion type DES, auth_type, specified on the command line in upper or lower case, should be either local or des.
However, the cred.org_dir table may also be used to hold data for other values of auth_type. Currently, this is limited to the mechanisms
listed on the nisauthconf(1M) man page, for which the nisaddcred auth_type argument is the same as the name of the mechanism. These mecha-
nisms use a modified form of Secure RPC, and they are similar to the DES authentication type.
If the auth_type is des, and other authentication mechanisms are configured with nisauthconf(1M), then credential entries are added or
updated for each mechanism configured. To only add or update 1992-bit Diffie Hellman credentials, that is, those with the auth_type of
DES, use dh192-0 on the command line. If there are no authentication mechanisms configured, using des on the command line will only add or
update 192-bit Diffie Hellman credentials.
Entries of type LOCAL are used by the NIS+ service to determine the correspondence between fully qualified NIS+ principal names and users
identified by UIDs in the domain containing the cred.org_dir table. This correspondence is required when associating requests made using
the AUTH_SYS RPC authentication flavor (see rpc_clnt_auth(3NSL)) to a NIS+ principal name. It is also required for mapping a UID in one
domain to its fully qualified NIS+ principal name whose home domain may be elsewhere. The principal's credentials for any authentication
flavor may then be sought for within the cred.org_dir table in the principal's home domain (extracted from the principal name). The same
NIS+ principal may have LOCAL credential entries in more than one domain. Only users, and not machines, have LOCAL credentials. In their
home domain, users of NIS+ should have both types of credentials.
The auth_name associated with the LOCAL type entry is a UID that is valid for the principal in the domain containing the cred.org_dir ta-
ble. This may differ from that in the principal's home domain. The public information stored in public_data for this type contains a list
of GIDs for groups in which the user is a member. The GIDs also apply to the domain in which the table resides. There is no private data
associated with this type. Neither a UID nor a principal name should appear more than once among the LOCAL entries in any one cred.org_dir
table.
The DES auth_type is used for Secure RPC authentication (see secure_rpc(3NSL)).
The authentication name associated with the DES auth_type is a Secure RPC netname. A Secure RPC netname has the form unix.id@domain.com,
where domain must be the same as the domain of the principal. For principals that are users the id must be the UID of the principal in the
principal's home domain. For principals that are hosts, the id is the host's name. In Secure RPC, processes running under effective UID 0
(root) are identified with the host principal. Unlike LOCAL, there cannot be more than one DES credential entry for one NIS+ principal in
the NIS+ namespace.
The public information in an entry of authentication type DES is the public key for the principal. The private information in this entry is
the private key of the principal encrypted by the principal's network password.
User clients of NIS+ should have credentials of both types in their home domain. In addition, a principal must have a LOCAL entry in the
cred.org_dir table of each domain from which the principal wishes to make authenticated requests. A client of NIS+ that makes a request
from a domain in which it does not have a LOCAL entry will be unable to acquire DES credentials. A NIS+ service running at security level 2
or higher will consider such users unauthenticated and assign them the name nobody for determining access rights.
This command can only be run by those NIS+ principals who are authorized to add or delete the entries in the cred table.
If credentials are being added for the caller itself, nisaddcred automatically performs a keylogin for the caller.
You can list the cred entries for a particular principal with nismatch(1).
The cred.org_dir NIS+ table replaces the maps publickey.byname and netid.byname used in NIS (YP).
OPTIONS
The following options are supported:
-p principal The name principal specifies the name of the principal as defined by the naming rules for that specific mechanism.
For example, LOCAL credential names are supplied with this option by including a string specifying a UID. For DES
credentials, the name should be a Secure RPC netname of the form unix.id@domain.com, as described earlier. If the
-p option is not specified, the auth_name field is constructed from the effective UID of the current process and
the name of the local domain.
-P nis_principal Use the NIS+ principal name nis_principal. This option should be used when creating LOCAL or DES credentials for
users whose home domain is different than the local machine's default domain.
Whenever the -P option is not specified, nisaddcred constructs a principal name for the entry as follows. When it
is not creating an entry of type LOCAL, nisaddcred calls nis_local_principal, which looks for an existing LOCAL
entry for the effective UID of the current process in the cred.org_dir table and uses the associated principal name
for the new entry. When creating an entry of authentication type LOCAL, nisaddcred constructs a default NIS+ prin-
cipal name by taking the login name of the effective UID for its own process, and appending to it a dot ('.') fol-
lowed by the local machine's default domain. If the caller is a superuser, the machine name is used instead of the
login name.
-l login_password Use the login_password specified as the password to encrypt the secret key for the credential entry. This over-
rides the prompting for a password from the shell. This option is intended for administration scripts only. Prompt-
ing guarantees not only that no one can see your password on the command line using ps(1) but it also checks to
make sure you have not made any mistakes. login_password does not really have to be the user's password but if it
is, it simplifies logging in.
-r [nis_principal] Remove all credentials associated with the principal nis_principal from the cred.org_dir table. This option can be
used when removing a client or user from the system. If nis_principal is not specified the default is to remove
credentials for the current user. If domain_name is not specified, the operation is executed in the default NIS+
domain.
EXAMPLES
Example 1: Adding the LOCAL and DES Credentials
The following examples illustrate how to add the LOCAL and DES credentials for some user, user1, with a UID of 2990, who is an NIS+ user
principal in the some.domain.com. NIS+ domain:
example% nisaddcred -p 2990 -P user1.some.domain.com. local
Note that credentials are always added in the cred.org_dir table in the domain where nisaddcred is run, unless domain_name is specified as
the last parameter on the command line. If credentials are being added from the domain server for its clients, then domain_name should be
specified. The caller should have adequate permissions to create entries in the cred.org_dir table.
The system administrator can add a DES credential for the same user, using the following example:
example% nisaddcred -p unix.2990@some.domain.com -P user1.some.domain.com. des
Please note that DES credentials can be added only after the LOCAL credentials have been added. Also, if the system is configured to use
more than one authentication mechanism, credentials will be made for each mechanism configured. See nisauthconf(1M).
Note that the secure RPC netname does not end with a dot ('.') while the NIS+ principal name, specified with the -P option, does. This com-
mand should be executed from a machine in the same domain as is the user.
The following example shows how to add a machine's DES credentials in the same domain:
example% nisaddcred -p unix.foo@some.domain.com -P foo.some.domain.com. des
Please note that no LOCAL credentials are needed in this case.
The following example illustrates how to add a NIS+ workstation's principal DES credential:
example% nisaddcred -p unix.host1@sub.some.domain.com
-P newhost.sub.some.domain.com. des sub.some.domain.com.
This format is particularly useful if you are running this command from a server which is in a higher domain than sub.some.domain.com.
Without the last option for domain name, nisaddcred would fail because it would attempt to use the default domain of some.domain.com.
The following example illustrates adding DES credentials without being prompted for the root login password:
example% nisaddcred -p unix.2990@some.domain.com
-P user1.some.domain.com. -l login_password des
The following example shows how to add a credential for a user using a specific authentication mechanism that was previously configured
with nisauthconf(1M). See nisauthconf(1M) for a list of the valid values of auth_type:
example% nisaddcred -p unix.2990@some.domain.com
-P user.1.some.domain.com dh640-0
The password should be the same for all the credentials that belong to the user. Otherwise, only the credentials encrypted with the
user's password will be used at login, and the user will have to run chkey(1) using the -p option.
The following example shows how to add a DES credential when other authentication mechanisms are configured on the system:
example% nisaddcred -p unix.2990@some.domain.com
-P user1.some.domain.com dh192-0
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values are returned:
0 Successful operation.
1 Operation failed.
ATTRIBUTES
See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
|Availability |SUNWnisu |
+-----------------------------+-----------------------------+
SEE ALSO
chkey(1), keylogin(1), nis+(1), nischmod(1), nischown(1), nismatch(1), nistbladm(1), ps(1), domainname(1M), nisclient(1M), nispopulate(1M),
nis_groups(3NSL), nis_local_names(3NSL), nis_objects(3NSL), rpc_clnt_auth(3NSL), secure_rpc(3NSL), attributes(5)
NOTES
NIS+ might not be supported in future releases of the SolarisTM Operating Environment. Tools to aid the migration from NIS+ to LDAP are
available in the Solaris 9 operating environment. For more information, visit http://www.sun.com/directory/nisplus/transition.html.
SunOS 5.10 12 Dec 2001 nisaddcred(1M)