strtr(3) [php man page]
STRTR(3) 1 STRTR(3) strtr - Translate characters or replace substrings SYNOPSIS
string strtr (string $str, string $from, string $to) DESCRIPTION
string strtr (string $str, array $replace_pairs) If given three arguments, this function returns a copy of $str where all occurrences of each (single-byte) character in $from have been translated to the corresponding character in $to, i.e., every occurrence of $from[$n] has been replaced with $to[$n], where $n is a valid offset in both arguments. If $from and $to have different lengths, the extra characters in the longer of the two are ignored. The length of $str will be the same as the return value's. If given two arguments, the second should be an array in the form array('from' => 'to', ...). The return value is a string where all the occurrences of the array keys have been replaced by the corresponding values. The longest keys will be tried first. Once a substring has been replaced, its new value will not be searched again. In this case, the keys and the values may have any length, provided that there is no empty key; additionally, the length of the return value may differ from that of $str. However, this function will be the most efficient when all the keys have the same size. PARAMETERS
o $str - The string being translated. o $from - The string being translated to $to. o $to - The string replacing $from. o $replace_pairs - The $replace_pairs parameter may be used instead of $to and $from, in which case it's an array in the form array('from' => 'to', ...). RETURN VALUES
Returns the translated string. If $replace_pairs contains a key which is an empty string ( ""), FALSE will be returned. If the $str is not a scalar then it is not type- casted into a string, instead a warning is raised and NULL is returned. EXAMPLES
Example #1 strtr(3) example <?php //In this form, strtr() does byte-by-byte translation //Therefore, we are assuming a single-byte encoding here: $addr = strtr($addr, "aao", "aao"); ?> The next example shows the behavior of strtr(3) when called with only two arguments. Note the preference of the replacements ( "h" is not picked because there are longer matches) and how replaced text was not searched again. Example #2 strtr(3) example with two arguments <?php $trans = array("h" => "-", "hello" => "hi", "hi" => "hello"); echo strtr("hi all, I said hello", $trans); ?> The above example will output: hello all, I said hi The two modes of behavior are substantially different. With three arguments, strtr(3) will replace bytes; with two, it may replace longer substrings. Example #3 strtr(3) behavior comparison <?php echo strtr("baab", "ab", "01")," "; $trans = array("ab" => "01"); echo strtr("baab", $trans); ?> The above example will output: 1001 ba01 SEE ALSO
str_replace(3), preg_replace(3). PHP Documentation Group STRTR(3)
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EXPLODE(3) 1 EXPLODE(3) explode - Split a string by string SYNOPSIS
array explode (string $delimiter, string $string, [int $limit]) DESCRIPTION
Returns an array of strings, each of which is a substring of $string formed by splitting it on boundaries formed by the string $delimiter. PARAMETERS
o $delimiter - The boundary string. o $string - The input string. o $limit - If $limit is set and positive, the returned array will contain a maximum of $limit elements with the last element containing the rest of $string. If the $limit parameter is negative, all components except the last -$limit are returned. If the $limit parame- ter is zero, then this is treated as 1. Note Although implode(3) can, for historical reasons, accept its parameters in either order, explode(3) cannot. You must ensure that the $delimiter argument comes before the $string argument. RETURN VALUES
Returns an array of strings created by splitting the $string parameter on boundaries formed by the $delimiter. If $delimiter is an empty string (""), explode(3) will return FALSE. If $delimiter contains a value that is not contained in $string and a negative $limit is used, then an empty array will be returned, otherwise an array containing $string will be returned. CHANGELOG
+--------+-----------------------------------------+ |Version | | | | | | | Description | | | | +--------+-----------------------------------------+ | 5.1.0 | | | | | | | Support for negative $limits was added | | | | +--------+-----------------------------------------+ EXAMPLES
Example #1 explode(3) examples <?php // Example 1 $pizza = "piece1 piece2 piece3 piece4 piece5 piece6"; $pieces = explode(" ", $pizza); echo $pieces[0]; // piece1 echo $pieces[1]; // piece2 // Example 2 $data = "foo:*:1023:1000::/home/foo:/bin/sh"; list($user, $pass, $uid, $gid, $gecos, $home, $shell) = explode(":", $data); echo $user; // foo echo $pass; // * ?> Example #2 explode(3) return examples <?php /* A string that doesn't contain the delimiter will simply return a one-length array of the original string. */ $input1 = "hello"; $input2 = "hello,there"; var_dump( explode( ',', $input1 ) ); var_dump( explode( ',', $input2 ) ); ?> The above example will output: array(1) ( [0] => string(5) "hello" ) array(2) ( [0] => string(5) "hello" [1] => string(5) "there" ) Example #3 $limit parameter examples <?php $str = 'one|two|three|four'; // positive limit print_r(explode('|', $str, 2)); // negative limit (since PHP 5.1) print_r(explode('|', $str, -1)); ?> The above example will output: Array ( [0] => one [1] => two|three|four ) Array ( [0] => one [1] => two [2] => three ) NOTES
Note This function is binary-safe. SEE ALSO
preg_split(3), str_split(3), mb_split(3), str_word_count(3), strtok(3), implode(3). PHP Documentation Group EXPLODE(3)